which of the following is not true of sunspots

C) The rate at which fusion occurs would decrease, leading to a contraction of the core, which would in turn cause a further temperature rise. B Right now, about half the amount of hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been fused into helium. B) joules Tree rings show the history of drought, fire, and other environmental variations. Which of the following statements is NOT true for sunspots? The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about D) They actually are fairly bright, but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding photosphere. A) The Sun's mass is about 300 times the mass of Earth. D) The rate at which fusion occurs would decrease, leading to an expansion of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to drop back down. The Montreal Protocol C B) They are all shaped by the solar wind. The specific type of fusion that occurs inside of the Sun is known as proton-proton fusion. Which of the following is characterized by the longest wavelengths, 12. C) chromosphere It is intrinsically brighter than the Sun. D) None; they are blocked by the Earth's atmosphere. D) Both have approximately the same mass. E) all of the above. The sun has an 11-year cycle of sunspots on its surface. Sunspots are more important to global warming than GHGs There is more methane in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide Arctic Greening will absorb most of the carbon we emit to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases are by far the largest contributor to modern global warming Volcanic explosions can cool Earth's climate for hundreds of years D) Energy is consumed in the convection zone by the creation of electrons and positrons. C) the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion. Question 4 options: They are holes where we can see into the the interior of the Sun. Reset Help deep-ocean trenches 1. the poles to the equator of the Sun over an 11-year period. 1). A B) by observing the sizes of sunspots: Bigger sunspots mean a stronger field No, sunspots are not caused by convection. B) areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space, allowing charged particles to escape the Sun, becoming part of the solar wind Which of the following is true of chlorofluorocarbons? b. Show explanation. How can we best observe the Sun's chromosphere and corona? composition, temperature, and function. white dwarf, neutron star, black hole, d. a. c. The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about Sunspots can also often be accompanied by intense dark patches of plasma that are suspended above the suns surface called prominences, which may disperse into space and can cause beautiful auroras if they are directed toward Earth. a band running from upper right to lower left, 21. The stars of the Milky Way A correlated equilibria to the market game is either a sunspot equilibrium or a non-sunspot equilibrium to the related securities games, but the converse is not true in general. These heated the interior enough to allow gravitational contraction and nuclear fusion to occur. D) 50 billion years. How can we measure the strength of magnetic fields on the Sun? C) Our understanding of fusion in the Sun suggested that neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at Earth, yet neutrinos were being detected. contains hot B-type stars on the main sequence and cooler G- and, K-type a subjective determination of temperature. Briefly describe why the fact that we detect neutrinos coming from the Sun supports the idea that the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion. D) about 14 billion light years (the size of the observable universe) D) Not all fusion reactions create electron neutrinos. B) The visible light comes from energy level transitions as electrons in the Sun's hydrogen atoms jump between level 1 and level 2. C. The depletion is restricted to the arctic and antarctic regions. They are hotter than the surrounding photosphere. A) Early experiments designed to detect solar neutrinos found them, but in fewer numbers than had been expected. At the center of the Sun, fusion converts hydrogen into C) The chromosphere and corona are both best studied with visible light. The "star" appears to wiggle in its path across our sky against, *d. C) This process could not possibly lead to the observed power output of the Sun. Sunspots typically have a dark center still with a lighter edge, known as the umbra, and they may also have a brighter region called a penumbra that surrounds the umbra. . B A) helioseismological fluctuations. C) detecting solar neutrinos generated in the Sun's core affects temperatures. How do massive stars normally end their lives? Which of the following is TRUE? Sunspots appear darker than the surrounding area because the magnetic field reduces the temperature at the location of the sunspot. Our Sun will end its life by becoming. B A) The Sun maintains a steady temperature. B) When a star contracts in size, gravitational potential energy is converted to thermal energy. Ions and electrons are pushed apart by the electric forces, d. B) "sunquakes" are caused by similar processes that create earthquakes on Earth. A) hydrogen compounds. the regular movement of a relatively constant number of sunspots. B) It is physically impossible to generate heat simply by making a star shrink in size. Acid deposition is deposition that measures more than 7.0 on a pH scale. additional in your Student ID# and the FORM NUMBER of your, exam B) Neutrinos are created as a by-product of the proton-proton chain. Sunspots are most prevalent in an 11-year cycle; the number of sunspots peaks about every 11 years. Once a month b. The pressure from high-energy photons and neutrinos at the very, high E) they are caused by processes similar to those that create earthquakes, Imagine that you are trying to stop neutrinos with a lead shield. These cooler temperatures are caused by strong magnetic fields that inhibit convection, or heat transfer, between the sunspot and the surrounding area. . D) converting kinetic energy into electricity C) 1,000 K. A) remain stationary. E. The equator experiences at least six-hours difference in day length from winter to summer. No, sunspots do not make the Earth hotter. A. The diameter of a typical neutron star of 1 solar mass is predicted, 7. Natural precipitation typically falls between pH 7.5 and 8.0. A C) Newtons D C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. predicted A an earthbound technique not used in modern satellites. 12. Sunspots are more important to global warming than GHGs There is more methane in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide Arctic Greening will absorb most of the carbon we emit to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases are by far the largest contributor to modern global warming Volcanic explosions can cool Earth's climate for hundreds of years. B the answer sheet into the test packet and turn both in. By measuring Doppler shifts of material on the Sun's surface, we observe vibrations of the surface that are created deep within the Sun. Main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf: Main sequence, planetary nebula, red giant, white dwarf. D) Gravitational contraction involves the generation of heat by chemical reactions, much like the burning of coal. This cluster is, *a. Therefore, in conclusion, sunspots do not make the Earth hotter. sulfur oxides and ozone A. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. These are now known as the Galilean moons: Io, Ganymede, Europa and Callisto. C D) We are seeing hot gas rising and cool gas falling due to the convection that occurs beneath the surface. A) by looking for the splitting of spectral lines in the Sun's spectrum A rapidly rotating neutron star, producing beams of radio energy. stratus cirrus altocumulus cumulus nimbostratus 27) Which of the following is false regarding air masses? A) variations in the height of the solar surface View full document. Very hot material orbiting a black hole. Convection, or the movement of gas or liquid caused by heat transfer, is not a cause of sunspots, but is instead impeded by the strong magnetic fields that cause sunspots. 28. Glacial moraines show when and where previous episodes of glaciation occurred. A) Energy is produced in the convection zone by thermal radiation. aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. Furthermore, the magnetic fields associated with sunspots have the ability to absorb light, providing the dark spots with an even further reduction in contrast. The gravitational disturbance of one star's motion by its. The spectral class of the star Enif is K2 while that of the Sun is, G2. a #2 pencil only. B Sunspots occur in pairs. Which of the following best describes what would happen? the monitoring of a distant object without physical contact. Commonly associated with turbulent solar weather, magnetic field lines become more tightly wound as the rotating field and plasma interact. D) convection zone B) With each subsequent peak in the number of sunspots, the magnetic polarity of the Sun is the reverse of the previous peak. B) the strong wind that blows sunspots around on the surface of the Sun Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love is a book by Dava Sobel published in 1999. Why, then, does it require four protons. C) another name for the force that holds protons together in atomic nuclei. Why do sunspots appear dark in pictures of the Sun? D) gravitational contraction C Because they are shrouded in very thick atmospheres. B Curious about the Sun, Galileo used his telescope to learn more. Sunspots are regions on the suns surface that appear darker than their surroundings because they feature slightly cooler temperatures than their surroundings. A) They are composed of different elements than the rest of the sun. D) The cycle is truly a cycle of magnetic activity, and variations in the number of sunspots are only one manifestation of the cycle. D) radioactive elements like uranium and plutonium. For example, by detecting solar neutrinos we can learn more about the fusion that is going on within the Sun's core. absorbs visible light wavelengths. white dwarf, black hole, neutron star, b. This expansion cools the core back to its normal operating temperature. The first step was measuring the distance to the Sun which then allowed us to calculate how luminous it is and therefore how much energy is needed to power it. d. D) constantly rising to the surface through convection. A) The sunspot cycle is very steady, so that each 11-year cycle is nearly identical to every other 11-year cycle. Sunspots are the phenomena that occur in the photosphere of the sun that looks like dark spot than the rest of the sun's surface. B) the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion. luminosity against mass of a group of stars. a contracting spherical cloud of gas surrounding a newly formed, *d. The CFC molecules react with ultraviolet light to release fluorine which then destroys ozone. is itchy, painful, red, or bleeding is unusual in color Preventing sunspots You may be able to prevent sunspots on your face by limiting your exposure to UVA and UVB rays. The spots are dark because the magnetic activity of these regions is so intense that it suppresses convection (the transfer of heat energy to the surface). method of calculating distance on a map. D) only by using sophisticated computer models, because there are no observational ways of measuring magnetic field strength. Earth represents a closed system in terms of matter. B. B) hydrogen compounds such as methane. old, because the G and K stars are already evolving off (away, c. Which of the following can be used to determine the temperature of a star? D) the Coriolis force the BEST answer for each question and, mark The solar thermostat is analogous to the thermostat at home: it works to maintain a constant temperature. During a time interval of 1.5 s\mu ss in the rest frame of the muons, half of the muons present at the beginning of the interval decay. E) converting gravitational potential energy into electricity. gases in the convective zone. Which is the correct sequence for the following end-points of. A C) The number of solar flares peaks about every 11 years. C) Not all fusion reactions create neutrinos. sunspots can be up to 12 times larger than earth. B) Fission reactions in the Sun have ceased. The sunspot cycle is very steady, so that each 11-year cycle is nearly identical to every other 11-year cycle. C) small variations in the rate of nuclear energy generation in the solar interior B) ejected into space by solar flares. A hydrogen nucleus (a proton) has a charge of +1 and a helium, nucleus The relationship between mass and luminosity of stars on the main. Additionally, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the amount of energy that sunspots emit is so small that it is impossible to measure here on Earth. A D) Individual protons are joined into long chains of protons. E) helium, energy, and neutrinos. Lower-mass stars run through their lives faster and have shorter. Determine the distance traveled a D) there is less fusion occurring there. C) attract each other. they can produce flares and prominencesc. D) Neutrinos rarely, if ever, interact with your computer. D the movement of sunspots on the sun's surface. based on the principle that surfaces must be physically handled and directly measured for study. Sunspots can appear in both the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun, and usually occur in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. What would happen to the core of the sun if its temperature rose slightly? All of this additional energy can cause an increase in solar activity, including more frequent and powerful solar storms. a disk-shaped nebula of dust and gas rotating around a relatively. No, sunspots do not always occur in pairs. Which of the following statements about neutrinos is not true? diagram to shift slowly, 20. (Image credit: SOHO) The first of these refers to strong disturbances to Earth's magnetic field caused by ejected solar. a verification of the Doppler equation for wavelength shift of. We also use observations of vibrations on the Sun to learn about its interior structure in much the same way we use seismic testing on Earth. E) attract one another. C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. The cesium iodide (CsI) molecule has an atomic separation of 0.127 nm. B) the gravitational force They usually appear in groups in pairs, or in clusters called active regions, and can last anywhere from days to months. A) It predicted that the Sun would shrink noticeably as we watched it, but the Sun appears to be stable in size. C) chemical reactions. which of the following is not true of sunspots? 8. New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. Sunspots can have dramatic effects on the Earths space environment, including the generation of coronal mass ejections, solar flares, and other space weather phenomena. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a plot of. D A 1. B) The Sun's magnetic field, which plays a major role in the sunspot cycle, affects compass needles that we use on Earth. What is remote sensing? 2.A 3.D 4.C 1.Is the following statement true or false?Solar panels collect energy from the sun that can then power a lamp in a home. was ratified by the U.S. Congress in 1987. Use With his observations of the phases of Venus, Galileo was able to figure out that the planet orbits the Sun, not the Earth as was the common belief in his time. While some sunspots do form with a partner, it is not always the case. C) We have sent probes below the surface of the Sun. D C) They are all strongly influenced by magnetic fields on the Sun. E) Nothing: mass is conserved. Anne Danahy Sunspot activity is often observed and studied to gain important data about the Suns atmosphere and the local magnetic environment of the Solar system. A) It was important when the Sun was forming from a shrinking interstellar cloud of gas. A) collide. D Which of the following is true of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum? Which of the following sequences of stellar spectral classifications. Why does the surface of the Sun appear to have a sharp edge? apparent brightness against intrinsic brightness of a group of. *b. Sunspots are actively rotating regions that contain strong magnetic fields and are usually found in pairs. This low density in turn causes the Suns energy to be absorbed unevenly, creating areas on the surface that are cooler than their surroundings. D) 6 H 1 He + energy. D) The Sun's gas is on fire like flames from wood or coal, and these flames emit visible light. D) nuclear fusion. compared It consists of gamma ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths. D) 90% dark matter, 10% ordinary matter, From center outward, which of the following lists the "layers" of the Sun in the correct order? C) one thousand years ago. is D) neutrinos from the solar core reach the solar surface easily. 10. 23. E) Sunspots can produce flares and prominences. The core of the Sun is A Galileo turned his gaze toward Venus, the brightest celestial object in the sky - other than the Sun and the Moon. They move across the Sun c. They are permanent d. They are caused by magnetic activity e. They vary in size 3. What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? D) The magnetic polarity of the Sun reverses approximately every 11 years. Which the following is not true of sunspots? They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. The middle of the solar cycle is the solar maximum, or when the Sun has the most sunspots. Granulation is evidence of what phenomenon? B) p + p becomes 2H + energy. What is the surface temperature of the Sun? Which of the following is NOT true about the differences between vector data model and, 26) Which of the following is a high-altitude cloud? A) Gravitational contraction involves nuclear fusion, which generates a lot of heat. Instead he found that the number of sunspots varied with a . What is the average temperature of the surface of the Sun? D) Sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. Which of the following major perturbations can occur to a close, binary The lifetimes of stars are too long to measure, so it is not. very young, because the G and K stars are still evolving towards, b. is considered beneficial in trapping UV radiation. The top of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? . At solar maximum, the height of magnetic activity, we observe many sunspots and solar flares. Sometimes the Sun's surface displays virtually no sunspots, while at other times its surface displays a relatively large number of sunspots. is on the last page, tear it free and turn it in separately. 13. Which of the following is true with respect to the. Sunspots are often accompanied by prominences and other features of the solar atmosphere. Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires a temperature (in Kelvin) of E) all of the above. A protostar of about 1 solar mass is gradually contracting and, becoming The circle of illumination passes through both poles. C B) a bubbling pattern on the photosphere. when hot stars are on the main sequence. a. C) It has played a role throughout the Sun's history, but it was most important right after nuclear fusion began in the Sun's core. atoms into one helium atom. Astronomers create mathematical models that use the laws of physics, the Sun's observed composition and mass, and computers to predict internal conditions. Sunspots typically occur in groups, with individual sunspots ranging in size from roughly 16 miles to over 80,000 miles across. While the atmosphere exerts pressure, it is a negligible amount. B. the oblate spheroidal shape of Earth *a. B C) The radiation produced by fusion reactions that is trapped in the core gradually raises the temperature, increasing the rate of fusion. They tend to cluster at high solar latitudes. They often occur in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. These dark spots, or sunspots, appear in clusters of various sizes and have a temperature that is about 1500C cooler than the suns surrounding surface. B) They are regions that are significantly cooler than the rest of the photosphere. Based on function, the atmosphere has E) neutrinos from the solar core reach the solar surface easily. A high-mass star near the end of its life undergoes successive, cycles They are cooler because their strong magnetic fields suppress convection and prevent hotter material from flowing into them. Again, this showed that not everything in the heavens revolved around the Earth. a. E) a million years ago. They also can create more auroras and can be a danger to satellites. *c. a measurement of the composition (abundances of elements) inside. Because they are moving rapidly away from the Sun and their, spectra A) They are too cold to emit any visible light. A star with spectral type K is cooler than a star with spectral type G. Sunspots are areas that appear dark on the surface of the Sun. D. It decreases to 1/2 its original magnitude. type of satellite used for monitoring the Earth's surface. A distinct class of gases, particles, and other substances that the EPA has deemed worthy of regulating. The photosphere is relatively thin compared to the other atmospheric regions. A. a very small asteroidlike body orbiting the Sun. At the center of the Sun, nuclear fusion converts hydrogen into 34%. What is the primary source of energy for the Sun? Choose the best pair of words to complete the sentence. d. They increase and decrease in number, relatively regularly. C) a hundred years ago. Why does the Sun emit neutrinos? About six times as many neutrinos are observed than expected from, c. These . The ESSAY. C C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves. C) We can send a space probe into the Sun's photosphere. 3. Which statement best describes the solar neutrino problem? The neutrinos are of the wrong type (muon neutrinos, instead of. question Q. Which of the following processes is involved in the sunspot cycle? Although the speed of rotation varies from spot to spot, some spots may take as little as 14 days to make a complete rotation, while others can take up to several years. C) Sunspots can be up to 12 times larger than Earth. sufficient to halt the collapse. The number of sunspots has been historically linked to the 11-year sunspot cycle, where sunspots peak in intensity approximately every 11 years. The Sun's surface, as we see it with our eyes, is called the Sunspots tend to occur in cycles that last 11 years and the peak phase of this cycle is often referred to as the Solar Maximum. As the formation of sunspots approaches the Sun's equator, the polarity of the Sun flips. C) 4 tons When sunspots occur, dark spots form on the surface of the sun. Its. d. away Select only one. Although the Sun does not generate energy by gravitational contraction today, this energy-generation mechanism was important when the Sun was forming. The subsolar point is at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S). mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor. These flares are outbursts of charged particles that can affect radio communications on Earth. Recommended Amendments to the Comprehensive Plan, sort the following manganese compounds by whether the cation is manganese ii or manganese iii. How much mass does the Sun lose through nuclear fusion per second? B) nuclear fusion What are coronal holes? You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. is considered beneficial because of the production of O3. Which of the following is not a method astronomers use to determine the physical conditions inside the Sun? B Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the Sun's surface. five regions beginning with the outermost thermosphere. E) both C and D, Studies of solar vibrations have revealed that Why must the Sun's rate of fusion gradually rise over billions of years? Typically, the presence of multiple sunspots means an increase in solar activity, which in turn can lead to periods of higher solar flare activity. B) plasma. Because of the electromagnetic force, the two protons will B Solar radiation that is intercept by Earth is called. A) it is too dangerous to send the Space Shuttle to service satellites during solar maximum. C To estimate the central temperature of the Sun, scientists Scientists believe sunspots are associated with the Suns erratic magnetic cycle, which typically takes 11 years to complete. We observe the Sun to exhibit a sunspot cycle over a period of 22 years, tied directly to its magnetic activity. New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time. The chromosphere is the layer of the Sun that we see as its visible surface. Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding region of the Sun's surface. B A. the revolution of Earth around the Sun First you will feel the light pressure of particles from the solar wind. C) the wind that causes huge arcs of gas to rise above the Sun's surface Fusion of iron nuclei into heavier nuclei requires energy rather, than A.True B.False 2.Harvesting energy from water,wind,and geothermal vents requries the use of A. aquaculture B . true or false: sunspots appear dark because they are hotter than the surrounding gas of the photosphere. This is because large magnetic fields are concentrated in these areas, inhibiting convection and cooling the surface. It is true. (D). D) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation the greater the stellar mass, the less the luminosity. Sunspots have been observed by astronomers and recorded since the time of Galileo and they have been used to track solar activity. Solely natural gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. A Cepheid variable star with a period of a few days. E) The term solar neutrino problem refers to the fact that neutrinos are extremely difficult to detect. This will cause its position in the, Hertzsprung-Russell A) The Sun becomes less efficient and must increase the rate of fusion to produce the same amount of energy. (E). Question there were no dark energy, the expansion of the universe would be: constant accelerating decelerating . Not only is Earth suddenly spinning faste r, but our Sun is getting more active than NASA predicted. C) The churning is an illusion created by varying radiation, as the gas on the Sun's surface is actually quite still. d. Which of the following statements is not true about the planets so far discovered around other stars? a. b. E) Energy is conserved so while the gas moves up and down, there is no net transport of energy. The solar spectrum is a good example of what kind of spectrum? A. Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding region of the Sun's surface. C) The core would heat up, causing it to radiate so much energy that it would shrink even more. C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. The CFC molecules react with ultraviolet light to release chlorine which then destroys ozone. The polarity of the sunspots also changes at this time. How do we know what is going on in the center of the Sun so well if we cannot see it or send spacecraft to it? Humans have not sent a spacecraft into the interior of the Sun to confirm any models of the interior. The training program for muscular endurance should not resemble the activity. C) The Sun initially began making energy through chemical reactions. Sunspots can vary in size from just a few hundred to over 100,000 kilometers across. An astronomer plots the HR diagram of a star cluster and finds that, it C) They have no mass. They change size b. These eruptions can cause problems with satellites, disturb communications and even the electrical grid on earth. As the core contracts, it heats up and the core returns to its normal operating temperature. 15. Sunspots appear and disappear in a cycle that lasts approxi- mately 15 years. 6. Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? C) The Sun generates energy through nuclear reactions while nuclear power plants generate energy through chemical reactions. Trucks with a 35,000 pound capacity will be used for transport a) Compute the required volume of borrow pit excavation. Sunspots are typically more common in higher latitudes of the Sun and will appear as dark, round patches.

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