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when did the pillar of cloud and fire stop

(This map follows a conventional view. 22He did not take away the pillar of cloud by day or the pillar of fire by night from before the people. Exodus 24:16, 1 Kings 8:10, Isaiah 6:1-3 and Luke 2:9. The complete expression occurs only once, but the separate expressions occur several times as pillar of fire (Exod 13:21, 22; Num 14:14; Neh 9:12, 19) and pillar of cloud (Exod 13:21, 22; 14:19; Num 14:14; Neh 9:12, 19; Ps 99:7). The Apostle John repeated this in his first letter:"This is the message we have heard from him and declare to you: God is light; in him there is no darkness at all." They will remember your works and bring the Heavenly Father JOY as is this not our MOST GLORIOUS DESIRE of ALL DESIRES OF this existence to BRING OUR HEAVENLY FATHER the greatest JOY that we are able as carnal beings, to strive to bring through our attempts to BE RIGHTEOUS like our Lord Jesus! The cloud served as a canopy that provided both shade by day from the heat and as a refuge and a shelter from the storm and rain. This implies a large cloud for the horde of two million Israelites plus their flocks and herds. Various explanations have been sought for the origin of these traditions. Wait, O Thou Weary One, A Little Longer, 13. STUDY 10: The Furnishings in the Holy of the Tabernacle THE LAMPSTAND. "If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God. Kraus, Psalmen, 2 (19663), 722; U. Cassuto, A Commentary on the Book of Exodus (1967), 158, 169, 336ff. - Revelation 21:4, Let us bring the world good news!-see ACTS 4:12, https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2017/01/02/listing-of-all-posts-for-2017/, The mediatorial reign of Christ with the saints, shall bring righteousness and peace, https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2017/05/11/why-how-to-obey-god/, Nine-tenths of Jesus persecutions came from professors of religion. An IDF spokesperson, in a response to Cook's Gawker article . the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. PILLAR OF FIRE AND OF CLOUD. Attempts to provide a natural basis for this narrative have pointed to the possible existence of volcanic action in the vicinity of Sinai which is highly unlikely or to the sudden outbreak of a raging desert storm. At Sinai, God told Moses I am going to come to you in a dense cloud, so that the people will hear me speaking with you and will always put their trust in you (Exodus 19:9). Exodus 13:21-22New International Version. Christ was with the church in the wilderness, 1Co 10:9. The supernatural being was there" said George J. Jesus sits on it showing that he is in control since the beginning of 1874 (Christs invisible second presence) when the end of the harvest, and the sifting of wheat and tares, began. Thus, not one but seven clouds descended at Sukkot to envelop and protect the Israelites, one on each of the four sides of the camp, one above and one below, and one which went before them to raise the valleys and lower the mountains. Another early tradition connected the cloud with the *Tent of Meeting. He is the author "Hope for Hurting Singles: A Christian Guide to Overcoming Life's Challenges.". These things are excellent and profitable for people. 2 CORINTHIANS 5:20 What Does Being Ambassadors for Christ Mean ? Spiritual Israelites have the protection of the armour of God (Ephesians 6:1018): 10 Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. 4. The pillar of cloud and fire was present throughout Israel's 40 years in the wilderness (Exodus 40:38). When Israel marched, this pillar went before, and pointed out the place of encampment, as Divine Wisdom saw fit. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. How do we handle SUFFERINGS IN CHRIST, in a Jesus way? The pillar of fire at night would have provided light and warmth if there was no wood available for fires. Then shall my faith and love grow strong, The Book of Revelation: A 2016 Perspective. 3 For we ourselves were once foolish, disobedient, led astray, slaves to various passions and pleasures, passing our days in malice and envy, hated by others and hating one another. New International Version (NIV), Encyclopedia of The Bible Pillar of Fire and of Cloud. Spend every moment you can on their development while you are blessed to lead another to the living waters of LIFE. "The Little Flock will serve the Lord with such Delight they will scarcely know how to cease their Efforts." He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people. This text suggests that the pillar appeared when the Israelites departed Succoth, the first camp after departing Rameses on 15 Abib (Nisan), 1445 BC (2513 years after the creation of Adam ). Speiser, in: J. Finkelstein and M. Greenberg (ed. It was great satisfaction to Moses and the pious Israelites, to be sure that they were under Divine guidance. Charles T. Russell (R.4006). R1467:5 Those faithful to God during this age will have more hardship than have those who are unfaithful. Various explanations have been sought for the origin of these traditions. They are chosen mouthpieces of God who deserve double honor (1 Timothy 5:17), Let the elders who rule well be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching.. R5294:5, https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2016/07/09/what-does-it-mean-to-be-baptized-into-christ/, https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2017/03/18/doing-and-saying-the-kindest-thing-in-the-kindest-way/, https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2016/10/30/his-way-is-best/, https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2016/08/10/a-little-while/, https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2016/05/25/victory-over-self/. Kugel also suggests that early commentators identified the angel with the personification of Wisdom, who is said in Sirach 24 to have her throne in a pillar of cloud,[18] and in Wisdom 10 to have guided the Israelites, being a shelter to them by day, and a "starry flame" by night. The next account in the Bible of this pillar of cloud is in Exodus 14:1920, after God instructed Moses to raise his staff, stretch out his hand over the sea, and divide the waters of the Red Sea for the Israelites to escape Pharaoh and his army pursing the Israelites. 16:2) though the pillar of cloud and of fire did not accompany the Israelites into the Promised Land. Eliezer maintained that the Festival of Sukkot commemorated the "clouds of glory" (Suk. The Divine Presence in Solomon's Temple was similarly accompanied by the descent of the cloud (i Kings 8:10-11; cf. In preparing the way for Jesus, John the Baptist said, I baptize you with water. ), OUR PURPOSE & MISSION: The Story Behind BIBLE Students DAILY, 100 Pages of BIBLE STUDY WORKSHEETS for children based on the book Adam to Zion, The Book of Daniel Childrens Activity Book, Israel & The Bible Childrens Activity Book, A List of Bible Students Resources For Teenagers and Children. [27] Jack Miles agrees that the events at Mount Sinai bear a resemblance to a volcanic eruption; he also suggests that the subsequent descent of the cloud into the Tabernacle is intended to emphasise the personal relationship between God and the Israelites, through "the extraordinary image of a volcano brought into a tent. They departed from the mount of the LORD three days journey:and the ark of the covenant of the Lord wentbefore them in the three days journey, to search out a resting place for them. Three such occasions are mentioned (Exodus 33:9,10, Numbers 12:5, Deuteronomy 31:15). PART B. In some of the above passages the term cloud may mean pillar of cloud (Exod 34:5) although the presence of the Lord often is denoted by a theophany of cloud and glory. All rights reserved. In this way they could travel during the day or night. Trust where I cannot see. Those whom God brings into a wilderness, he will not leave nor lose there, but will take care to lead them through it. "This is My will for thee,-- Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professors, theologians, and those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts. 22 The pillar of cloud was always with them during the day, and the pillar of fire was always with them at night. The visible symbol of the presence of God caused a panic among the Egyptians as it cut them off from the Israelites (Ex. May GODs will BE DONE forevermore! Numbers 12:10 refers to it in the incident of Miriam's complaint against Moses. The narrative states that the pillar of cloud went ahead of them by day to guide their way, and the pillar of fire by night, to . Isaiah 4:56 (RSV) sheds light on this point. In a larger sense, the pillar of fire showed that the Almighty was the Light mankind needs. Not a stain of sin mars the harmony and peace of a perfect society; not a bitter thought, not an unkind look or word; love, welling up from every heart, meets a kindred response in every other heart, and benevolence marks every act. ; M. Noth, Exodus (1959), 91ff. [21], Another Jewish legend claims that as the cloud travelled ahead of the Israelites, it would flatten hills and raise up valleys, creating a level path. 1950: The Pillar Of Fire Seventy years ago today, a photograph was taken that would change the world. 2 PETER 1:5-11 Is Mere FAITH IN GOD Enough? Moses saw God in a burning bush. **. Pillars of Cloud and Fire. But [his word] was in mine heart as a burning fire shut up in my bones, and I was weary with forbearing, and I could not [stay]., Jeremiah 23:29 [Is] not my word like as a fire? Your email address will not be published. Therefore, commentators such as Philo have located the angel within the cloud. Jesus Christ alone, as shown in the Bible, and as the Holy Spirit, in answer to prayer, recommends him to the soul, is the Way, the Truth, and the Life, Joh 14:6.Barnes' Notes on the BiblePillar of cloud - The Lord Himself did for the Israelites by preternatural means that which armies were obliged to do for themselves by natural agents. Ex). The pillar of cloud and fire reminded the Israelites about who they were to serve. 9:1523; 10:1112, 34; 14:14). armies and Arab caravans carrying braziers of burning wood at the head of their march. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Shekinah cloud or the cloud of God's presence. 38For the cloud of the Lord was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys(Exodus 40:34-38). ACTS 23:6 HOPE & RESURRECTION. In 1 Corinthians 10:1 is the cloud that covered the cloud that led and vice versa? 16:10; Lev. This feast, also called Succoth, was to commemorate the protection God provided in the wilderness and it may have marked the cessation of the fiery pillar (The Herald of Christs Kingdom, May-June 2006, A Pillar and a Fire, Br. It always appeared in the daytime, and was a guide and shelter: nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people; this continued till they came through the wilderness to the borders of the land of Canaan, when they needed it no longer, and then it left them; for when they passed over Jordan the ark went before them, Joshua 3:6. You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. What happened to the Ark of the Covenant? and went behind them; and the pillar of the cloud went from before The main lesson of the cloud remains a very simple one: when God says "go" we go. They had overtaken the Israelites as they camped by the sea near Pi Hahiroth, opposite Baal Zephon (Exodus 14:16, 9). Then Solomon said, The Lord has said that He would dwell in the thick cloud.. Zavada, Jack. What type of plant was the bush of Exodus 3:2? 24 Now it came to pass, in the morning watch, that the Lord looked down upon the army of the Egyptians through the pillar of fire and cloud, and He troubled the army of the Egyptians. 2020 7 April Tuesday 2032 25 March Thursday ALL for JESUS ALL for JESUS ALL our days and ALL our hours! Driver, Exodus (1953), 1123, 147; L. Koehler, Theologie des Alten Testaments (1953), 89; R. Reymond, L'Eau, sa Vie, et sa Signification dans l'Ancient Testament (1958), 37ff. The angel of God, who had been going before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud . [23][24] A historic parallel to such a practice can be found in Quintus Curtius's History of Alexander. Here the white cloud represents blessing as opposed to dark thunder clouds. 16 But avoid irreverent babble, for it will lead people into more and more ungodliness.. In Revelation, the final book of the Bible, John tells how Christ's light shines in heaven:"The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp." Some of the Jews who were left in their land by the Babylonians fled to Egypt and dwelt in Egyptian cities, as foretold in Isaiah 19:18. From Nehemiah 9:19 and Numbers 9:15-23, we may conclude that the pillar of cloud and fire remained with Israel throughout their wilderness travels. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! 19:9), by thunder, lightening, smoke, and fire. WILLINGLY & CHEERFULLY DOING GODS WILL: WHY, WHEN, HOW, 3. 43. He did not take away the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people (Exod 13:21-22). The Egyptians follow them, but God looks down upon them from the pillar of fire and cloud, and throws their forces into confusion. If the pillar of cloud and fire remained over the Tabernacle, after it was constructed, then it would have been over the center of the camp of Israel, for the various tribes camped about the Tabernacle (Numbers 2:17). 17 And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God: 18 Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints.. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. Following is a map of Israels journey through the first part of their 40 years in the wilderness. ROMANS 12:1 What Does Being CONSECRATED TO THE LORD mean? When God first chose Moses to lead the Israelites out of slavery, he spoke to Moses through a burning bush. [3], When the Israelites arrive at Mount Sinai, the cloud covers the mountain, and Moses enters into it to receive the commandments. Carl Hagensick for source material from his article A Pillar and a Fire, The Herald of Christs Kingdom, May-June 2006. R5773:3 The path to glory, honor, and immortality, in the footsteps of Jesus, is a very rugged one. Can I general this code to draw a regular polyhedron? 23. 12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. All Flesh To Be Blessed Spread the GOOD NEWS! "Each of us has his day of service; it will soon be over. [19][20] The divine presence within the cloud has also been connected with the Shekhinah. [4] Later, after the Tabernacle (or "tent of meeting") has been constructed, the pillar of cloud descends to the entrance of the tent, where God talks with Moses "face to face". 2039 7 April Thursday Exodus 13:21. And it lit up the night without one coming near the other all night.Subsequently during the last watch [morning watch KJV] of the night, the LORD looked down from the pillar of fire and cloud at the Egyptian army and threw it into confusion (Exodus 14:24, NIV). When Miriam and Aaron murmured against Moses, the Lord came down in the pillar of cloud and stood at the door of the tent of meeting to confirm Moses authority (Num 12:5ff.). If so, we can go forth in his name, rejoicing as we go. Curtius explains how Alexander would ready his camp for the march:[25]. Protection draws allegiance; this cloud was the badge of Gods protection, and so became the bond of their allegiance. [6][note 1], Elsewhere in the Bible, there are references to the pillars of cloud and fire in the Book of Psalms[7] and the Book of Nehemiah. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. Gaster, Myth, Legend, and Custom in the Old Testament (1969), 2367. The sharp sickle held by Jesus is for gathering the Church, not the world. The Israelites learned to discern Gods will by being given instruction through the movement of the pillars of cloud and fire. Of the three choices, I'd have gone with "Pillar of Fire" myself. 9 But avoid foolish controversies, genealogies, dissensions, and quarrels about the law, for they are unprofitable and worthless. When the cloud covered the tent of meeting, the Israelites encamped. 17. "Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life." R4813:6, 2415:2 If we know that we are suffering for righteousness sake, then we know the spirit of God rests upon us. CONVENTIONS Programs, Recordings, Photos etc. Do Not Rush In (Where Angels Fear to Tread. the scenes of misery and woe, degradation and sorrow that yet prevail on account of sin, and picture before your mental vision the glory of the perfect earth. Post-biblical legend embellished the biblical account. 21 The Lord showed them the way; during the day he went ahead of them in a pillar of cloud, and during the night he was in a pillar of fire to give them light. Other references to the pillars of cloud and fire seem to indicate it could not be connected to the Mountain of God, but was truly mobile, a supernatural phenomena of some kind ( Ex 13:21 ). He gave them the pillar of cloud and pillar of fire to assure them he was always with them. 2036 10 April Thursday URL:https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2016/09/02/study-1-an-introduction-to-the-tabernacle-and-its-purpose/, STUDY 3: The Tabernacle Construction: The Holy and The Most Holy https://biblestudentsdaily.com/2016/09/14/study-3-the-tabernacle-construction-the-holy-the-most-holy/, STUDY 4: The Court (Holy Place) The pillars of cloud and fire gave the Israelites a feeling of securitythat God was watching over them. STUDY 1: An Introduction To The Tabernacle And Its Purpose Though the dense cloud and the pillar of cloud were distinct, both indicated the presence of God. In these latter instances the pillar of cloud was the place of divine revelation. *Note, the claim by the Naval Observatory for as soon as the first stars are seen differs with some Jewish commentators who claim 6:00 PM. It showed the Israelites where God wanted them to go and what Gods will for them was. Special thanks to Br. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. When he wished to move his camp, he used to give the signal with the trumpet, the sound of which was often not readily enough heard amid the noise made by the bustling soldiers; therefore he set up a pole on top of the general's tent, which could be clearly seen from all sides, and from this a lofty signal, visible to all alike, was watched for, fire by night, smoke in the daytime. 20. The large bronze pillars in front of Solomon's Temple, which are thought by some to have been fiery cressets (or bowls of pitch), that emitted smoke and flame by day and night during festivals ( 1 Kings 7:15 ), were called "pillars" ( , H6647 ). smoke billowed up from it like smoke from a furnace, the pillar of the cloud went from before their face, and stood behind them. Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/cloud-and-pillar-of-fire-700107. The Israelites. When the people were waiting to cross the Red Sea, the pillar of cloud moved behind them, blocking the Egyptian army from attacking. Three days later there was thunder and lightening with a thick cloud over Mount Sinai and a very loud trumpet blast. 2033 12 April Tuesday Not only were these two pillars a witness to the Israelites but also a witness to the surrounding nations that Israels God was wise, powerful, and protective of his chosen people: And they will tell it to the inhabitants of this land: for they have heard that thou Lord art among this people, that thou Lord art seen face to face, and that thy cloud standeth over them, and that thou goest before them, by day time in a pillar of a cloud, and in a pillar of fire by night (Numbers 14:14). and it was a cloud and darkness to them, but it gave light by night to these: so that the one came not near the other all the night. Learn Religions. 1 THESSALONIANS 5:18 Give Thanks In All Circumstances, 2 TIMOTHY 3:12 Godliness Attracts Persecution, HEBREWS 10:25 Not Forsaking the Assembling of Ourselves Together. For the 2012 Israeli military operation, see. Copyright 2002-2023 Got Questions Ministries. if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up. To the observers below, the cloud appears as a "devouring fire" on top of the mountain. Faith can firmly trust him, come what may! Exodus 14:19-20 (ESV) reads, 19Then the angel of God who was going before the host of Israel moved and went behind them, and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them, 20coming between the host of Egypt and the host of Israel. When the cloud lifted, they moved. Perhaps the pillar of cloud and fire had completed its purpose about that time also. (1 Pet. Later, when God led them away from mount Sinai, He continued to direct them by the movement of the cloud representing His presence. Ex. This would have been an enduring sign to the Israelites that God was with them all during their 40 years of wandering. "This is His will for me." "This is My will for thee;" 2029 29 March Thursday, 2030 16 April Tuesday Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. Jesus Feeds The Multitudes With Fish and Loaves of Bread, 41. 4 But when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared. The pillar of cloud was to guide the Israelites by day and to illuminate their camp at night. God wanted the Israelites to also show respect to Moses, the Mediator of the nation. (Exodus 14:20, KJV). The Israelites go out of Egypt, and carry Joseph's bones with them. 13:2122). https://www.learnreligions.com/cloud-and-pillar-of-fire-700107 (accessed May 1, 2023). If there were four watches in the night, the last would have been about 36 am. It was a cloud which the wind could not scatter. It only takes a minute to sign up. Benson CommentaryExodus 13:22. R374:3 Are we willing to bear the hatred and scorn, which loyalty to the truth brings? [22], Some writers have suggested that the description of the pillars of fire and cloud may be an obscure reference to an actual signalling device employed by the Israelites. When it was time for the long awaited moment of Gods glory to move into the newly built and consecrated Tent of Meeting: 34Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. When Israel left Succoth and reached the edge of the wilderness, Yahweh went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them along the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light (Exod 13:21). Sometimes the cloud would remain a long time over the Tabernacle; sometimes only from evening until morning. honor upon Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon his horsemen. (d) from the mouth of our brethren in Christ (Psalm 119:105). GOD IS FAITHFUL WWW.biblestudentsdaily.com. PART C: The Order of the Resurrection Process. Matthew Poole's Commentary Whilst they continued in the wilderness, and had need of such direction. The fire blazed but the bush itself was not consumed. Written in the eighth century B.C.E., it dealt with circumstances after the destruction of Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E. ), The Second and Subsequent Accounts of the Cloud and Fire. Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the Lord, and he answered them. Teach. Repeat I AM SO THANKFUL now say it over and over again praising GOD for every experience that shall work out for good to those who love GOD! 7. 22 The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night did not depart from before the people. ACTS 23:6 HOPE & RESURRECTION. Since there is no mention of it in the book of Joshua, it may have disappeared just before the . saith the LORD; and like a hammer [that] breaketh the rock in pieces?, Luke 12:49 I am come to send fire on the earth; and what will I, if it be already kindled?, 1 Corinthians 3:15 If any mans work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire., Revelation 20:9 And they went up on the breadth of the earth, and compassed the camp of the saints about, and the beloved city: and fire came down from God out of heaven, and devoured them., Revelation 21:8 But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.. Sit in My throne with Me!" 2031 6 April Sunday The manna had stopped the day after the Israelites ate the food from Canaan (Joshua 5:12). Oh, to hear, when the work is done, 40. R2437:3 In proportion as he receives the truth and faithfully declares it. The explanation of this phenomenon is not easy. What did the pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night signify (Exodus 13:21-22)? "Pillar of cloud" (you could cut a cloud shape out of construction paper, use a pillow, or even simulate a cloud with dry ice) Suggested age range: 4-7 years old Preparations: Entering into worship Purpose: We approach God ready to worship and learn. Will ALL Mankind Need To Become ISRAELITES INDEED? (1 John 1:5, NIV), The light Jesus brought continues to guide and protect Christians today, just as the pillar of fire guided the Israelites. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. "When the cloud removed from over the tent, behold, Miriam was leprous, like snow. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Earth will be ruled by Christ and his Bride for 1000 years during a reign of righteousness until God shall be all in all. Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us, 2 looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God. Think of all the pictures of comparative health and beauty of human form and feature that you have ever seen, and know that perfect humanity will be of still surpassing loveliness. Beautiful Lessons From the Passover Type. 1 Kings 8:1012 It happened that when the priests came from the holy place, the cloud filled the house of the Lord, so that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud, for the glory of the Lord filled the house of the Lord. 10 As for a person who stirs up division, after warning him once and then twice, have nothing more to do with him, 11 knowing that such a person is warped and sinful; he is selfcondemned.. This continues until the last member of the 144,000 Bride of Christ goes beyond the vail, that is, completes their sacrifice until death and becomes a Divine being. 2d, And it signifies the special conduct and protection which the church of Christ is under in this world.Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary13:21,22 The Lord went before them in a pillar, or appearance of the Divine Majesty. [11], Christian commentators have generally considered that the narrative describes not two pillars (one of cloud and one of fire), but a single pillar which changes its appearance by day or by night. The priestly authors, on the other hand, taught that "a cloud of the Lord" (not a pillar) with a fiery appearance by night, permanently covered the Tabernacle from the day of its completion, lifting only to signal the breaking of camp for a new journey (Ex. 6. 16:2) though the pillar of cloud and of fire did not accompany the Israelites into the Promised Land. The pillars of cloud and fire are first mentioned in chapter 13 of the Book of Exodus, shortly after Moses leads the Israelites out of their captivity in Egypt. blessing as opposed to dark thunder clouds. Some rationalistic writers have suggested that the pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night may have been produced by a lighted bowl of pitch mounted on a pole.

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