what did southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet

Under the pressure of worldwide public opinion, slavery was completely abolished in its last remaining Latin American strongholds, Cuba and Brazil, in 188086 and 188388 respectively, and thus the enslavement of persons of African descent by legal regimes ceased to exist as a Western phenomenon. His newspaper, The Liberator, lived up to its promise that it would not equivocate in its war against slavery. Abolitionists were a divided group. Large groups of slaves worked from sunrise to sunset under a white overseer. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1999. See also slavery. . Abolitionist, writer, and speaker it required southern postmasters to destroy it and told southern state officials to arrest federal postmasters who did not comply, no, many northerners wanted to keep the clauses on slavery in the Constitution, those who did not want to fully abolish slavery but prevent it from extending it west, an organization created in the Great Depression that hired people to improve culture, including interviewing remaining former slaves from Virginia to Texas for three years; most of the slaves were very old and/or had been very young when enslaved, so they weren't as useful. . While many members of the Southern clergy (some of whom were men of national distinction) privately had questions about slavery, many others did notand in fact saw slavery as sanctioned by the Bible. were plantation owners directly involved with the slaves? being unable to own or operate small businesses. The Antebellum South I hold then, that there never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which one portion of the community did not, in point of fact, live on the labor of the other. he continues. what was the main goal of early abolitionist societies? 1845 portrait by George Alexander Healy, defended states rights, especially the right of the southern states to protect slavery from a hostile northern majority. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/slavery-apologists. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. D. They wanted a gradual end to slavery in the South. In making their defense of slavery, they critiqued wage labor in the North. Powerful southerners like South Carolinian John C. Calhounhighlighted laws like the Tariff of 1828 as evidence of the Norths desire to destroy the southern economy and, by extension, its culture. Thirty-nine days after Lincoln's inauguration, the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter, South Carolina, which marked the onset of the U.S. Civil War. Encyclopedia.com. Curiously, despite their status as personal property rather than as individuals, slaves were welcomed and even encouraged to attend church services. . If the South Had Won the Civil War, Slavery Could Have Lasted Until the 20th Century. Aaron Sheehan-Dean is the Fred C. Frey Professor of Southern Studies at Louisiana State University. what did American abolitionists do in 1833? It is impossible under the deadly hatred which must spring up between the two great nations, if the present causes are permitted to operate unchecked, that we should continue under the same political system. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. That, suggests. Which description best identifies how Christian slaveholders justified the enslavement of other human beings? slave labor was superior to Northern paid labor since slaves were outside, did not have to worry about unemployment or the economy, and they were cared for when sick or old, an 1836 measure supported by Southerners that was pushed through the House to require antislavery appeals to be postponed without debate; representative JQ Adams repealed it after 8 years. Rather, they note that the master-slave relationship has existed since the beginning of humanityand, that as long as masters understand their obligation to slaves (including the provision of spiritual sustenance), the system is overall an acceptable one. The Constitution itself had four clauses that indirectly addressed slavery and the slave trade though it did not actually use those terms. What are the 3 main causes of the Civil War? John Adger (18101899), who preached in a Presbyterian church in Charleston, South Carolina, served as a missionary in what are now Turkey and Armenia for a dozen years; he returned to the United States in 1846 and wished to return to his missionary work. promin, Slavery Instead, Calhoun insisted, slavery was a "positive good.". Southern states believed that a Republican government would dissolve the institution of slavery, would not honor states rights, and promote tariff laws. Figure 2. the north would cut off cotton exports, the British factories would close, mobs would force London to break the blockade, and the South would win; the British began to grow cotton in India, so this did not happen. In the North, the abolitionist cause was the driving force behind the message from religious institutions and theologians. After several years of teaching, I transitioned into the world of educational consulting. Watch this video from Heimlers History channel to learn more about some of the main pro-slavery arguments, including the social hierarchy argument, the civilization argument, the economic argument, the racial argument, and the biblical argument. to read John C. Calhouns Disquisition on Government. Why do you think he proposed the creation of a concurrent majority? But they refused to see this defeat as a divine judgment on their beliefs and actions. 27 Apr. The journeys of Yancey and Slidell show how hard it is to divide the United States simply into North and South, slave and free. one quarter of white southerners owned slaves. . In the 1830s, southern apologists in the South argued that slavery was a positive good because it allowed an elegant lifestyle for white elites and provided protection for inferior Africans. Actually, it was not. The Irony of Southern Religion. Members of this group fully supported slavery. From the early 1830s until the end of the Civil War in 1865, Garrison was the abolitionists' most dedicated campaigner. The Declaration of Independence had originally been referring to Great Britain's rule on the colonies in 1776. Gale Library of Daily Life: American Civil War. Why was slavery the most important cause of the Civil War? For nearly a century, the people and politicians of the Northern and Southern states had been clashing over the issues that finally led to war: economic interests, cultural values, the power of the federal government to control the states, and, most importantly, slavery in American society. Harriet Tubman was like Douglass, she too had escapedenslavement and became a prominent abolitionist. "When you hear about slavery for 400 years . Southern apologists argued that the institution of slavery was a "positive good" because it subsidized an elegant lifestyle for a white elite and provided tutelage for genetically inferior Africans. The negro is improvident; will not lay up in summer for the wants of winter; will not accumulate in youth for the exigencies of age. Confederates feared the Emancipation Proclamation would lead to slave uprisings, an occurrence which even northerners did not desire. European settlers brought a system of slavery with them to the western hemisphere in the 1500s. He had been John Adger's successor in the Second Presbyterian Church of Charleston for several years. Form of Protestantism that was devised by Christian slaves in the Chesapeake and spread to the cotton South as a result of the domestic shave trade. American abolitionism laboured under the handicap that it threatened the harmony of North and South in the Union, and it also ran counter to the U.S. Constitution, which left the question of slavery to the individual states. 89). "(Wilson 1980, p. 40). Boles, John B. In fact, the churches in many communities were biracial; although the slaves and their white masters did not mix with each other socially within the church, both worshipped there together (Boles 1994, p. 46). One article banned any Confederate state from making slavery illegal. You cannot download interactives. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/slavery-apologists, "The Slavery Apologists Sig= showed the absolute subjugation of slaves at this time. Historian Drew Gilpin Faust observed that leaders of the secession movement across the South cited slavery as the most compelling reason for southern independence. sig= showed the extensive process of the slave trade, and what a valuable resource slaves were. Black female abolitionist. It cannot be subverted without drenching the country in blood . If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. 6 (June 1860): 401409. The Confederate constitution explicitly guaranteed slave property in both the states and in any newly acquired territory. The sermon, in fact, has been widely credited with giving the moral and popular push to Louisiana's decision to secede from the Union. In the enjoyment of these rights, religion demands he should be protected. Farmer, James O., Jr. To put teeth into the act, Congress passed a law in March 1862 prohibiting the return of slaves. In what ways does Calhoun use legal arguments to defend the idea that Congress cannot interfere in the institution of slavery? A slave is usually acquired by purchase and legally described as chattel, Opposition to slavery in British North America began in the late seventeenth century but was limited mostly to a minority of Quakers and a few Purita, Woolman, John Another ensured that slave owners could travel between Confederate states with their slaves. Theological justification from their ministers allowed them to believe that not only did God sanction slavery, but slaverys supporters were better Christians and more faithful interpreters of Biblical text than were their opponents. The slave-owning class was small, but it was supported by the overwhelming majority of churches and ministers., Considering they saw themselves as doing Gods work, white Southerners were shocked by the military defeat of the Confederacy. Disquisition on Government advanced a profoundly anti-democratic argument. It is odious to make comparison; but I appeal to all sides whether the South is not equal in virtue, intelligence, patriotism, courage, disinterestedness, and all the high qualities which adorn our nature. Which identifies an advantage to slaves living on large plantations with stable slave populations? Need I pause to show how this system of servitude underlies and supports our material interests; that our wealth consists in our lands and in the serfs who till them; that from the nature of our products they can only be cultivated by labor which must be controlled in order to be certain; that any other than a tropical race must faint and wither beneath a tropical sun? . The Methodist Church, which had been founded in part on antislavery principles, followed suit in 1844 with the formation of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South (Boles 1994, pp. The Confederate Constitution was adopted by the Confederacy in opposition to the Union and the United States Constitution. White southerners keen on preserving the institution of slavery bristled at what they perceived to be northern attempts to deprive them of their livelihood. The seceding states made their motives clear in many ways. According to Christian the Virginia people were the abolitionists & the Northern people were pro-slavery. It afforded greater long-term security In the upper tier of southern states, the principal slave-produced commodity was. In the 1830s, southern apologists in the South argued that slavery was a "positive good" because it allowed an elegant lifestyle for white elites and provided protection for inferior Africans. At one end of its spectrum was William Lloyd Garrison, an immediatist, the founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society (183370), who denounced not only slavery but also the Constitution of the United States for tolerating the evil. Published in 1994 What were the 4 main causes of the Civil War? At the time of the Civil War, there were approximately ________ slaves in the South. . what happened to those who smuggled in African slaves? He and his supporters were known, after all, as "black Republicans," a term purposefully designed to conjure an image of radical abolitionism. There is and always has been in an advanced stage of wealth and civilization,a conflict between labor and capital. The master-slave relationship was frequently compared to a parent-child relationship. Moderates believed that slavery should be phased out gradually, in order to ensure the economy of the Southern states would not collapse. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet? There were three main causes of the civil war including slavery, sectionalism and secession. The theory of polygenism codified racism, giving the notion of Black inferiority the lofty mantle of science. Do American Freshmen Have To Live On Campus? 299300). The abolitionist movement emerged in states like New York and Massachusetts. Those who attended churches where the slaves of several families were active had a chance as well to meet others in their unique predicament; they could have relatively normal conversations without feeling constrained by the yoke they usually wore (Boles 1994, p. 55). We publish articles grounded in peer-reviewed research and provide free access to that research for all of our readers. How did the Confederate Constitution handle the issue of slavery quizlet? System that fed slaves to the Cotton South. . If political power went to a majority that was hostile to slavery, the Southand the honor of White southernerswould be imperiled. (Palmer 1860, p. 8). Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980. did not create uniform prosperity throughout the region. Founder of Texas. They pushed for an immediate end to the enslavement of people. He says slavery was a patriarchal institution So were polygamy & circumcision. By the necessary course of events, if left to themselves, we must become, finally, two people. Reprinted in Early American Writing In the years leading up to the Civil War and through the war years, Southern ministers brought this concept into their pulpits, often using extreme language, such as referring to Northerners as "atheists" and "infidels" (Farmer 1999, p. 11). 1836 Battle between Texans and Mexicans in San Antonio. In the 1830s, southern apologists in the South argued that slavery was a "positive good" because it allowed an elegant lifestyle for white elites and provided protection for inferior Africans. Must I pause to show how it has fashioned our modes of life, and determined all our habits of thought and feeling, and moulded the very type of our civilization? Who was the most influential spokesman for the common school movement? Reacting to abolitionist attacks that branded its peculiar institution as brutal and immoral, the South intensified its system of slave control, particularly after the Nat Turner revolt of 1831. . This belief illustrated the importance of the states rights argument to the southern states. White southerners became more committed to quashing antislavery ideas. Slaves were told that their masters would protect them, giving them a safe home and access to their own church communities. The leader of the 1831 slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia, was. I appeal to facts. "The Slavery Apologists . People began to describe slavery as a positive good. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. In 1859 an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now in West Virginia), in an attempt to initiate an armed rebellion of enslaved persons. Why did most slaves typically prefer living and working on a plantation rather than a small farm? a informal network of people that helped fugitive slaves make their way to the North, Most southern planters considered their slaves to be. What hearty handshakings after the service. The split between Northern and Southern religious leaders began well before the start of the Civil War. The Constitution is silent on the question of secession. . In 1833, the same year Britain outlawed slavery, the American Anti-Slavery Society was established. The most profitable commodity bought and sold in the upper tier of southern states was. Compare his condition with the tenants of the poor houses in the more civilized portions of Europelook at the sick, and the old and infirm slave, on one hand, in the midst of his family and friends, under the kind superintending care of his master and mistress, andcompare it with the forlorn and wretched condition of the pauper in the poorhouse. There was a greater sense of community and better living conditions on plantations. The leaders of the movement copied some of their strategies from British activists who had turned public opinion against the slave trade and slavery. few did because of the competition with slave labor, a former slave/the Barber of Natchez who owned slaves and property, no, they were prohibited from working in certain occupations and testifying against whites in court; they could be sold back into slavery; some states forbid their entrance, most forbid them from voting, and some forbid them from public schools, no, Congress outlawed it in 1808, but thousands were smuggled in. The pursuit of happiness is often considered an ideal, but it may be possible to have too muchor the wrong kindof a good thing. Why did southern states secede over slavery? Tobacco A major reason for the weaker hold of slavery in the upper South was the. A key issue was states rights. did many blacks want to move back to Africa? The tariff appeared to open the door for other federal initiatives, including the abolition of slavery. The Antebellum South Image Source: Wikimedia.. continue reading Having split from co-denominations in the North over the theological justification of slavery in the 1840s, southern Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian . . Members of the Southern clergy, who had their own feelings of devotion toward their home states, approved the notion that a well-intentioned South was being morally condemned by a self-righteous and arrogant North. Origins of the abolition movement Opposition to slavery started as a moral and religious movement centered on the belief that everyone was equal in the eyes of God. Extolling "our faith that the negro is one blood with us," Thornwell goes on to admit that slavery itself may not be a perfect system: "Slavery is a part of the curse which sin has introduced into the world and stands in the same general relation to Christianity as poverty, sickness, disease and death. What Did The Confederate Constitution Say About Slavery? In his famous thanksgiving sermon in New Orleans in November 1860, the Presbyterian minister Benjamin Morgan Palmer (18181902) stated bluntly, "I throw off the yoke of this union as readily as did our ancestors the yoke of King George III, and for causes immeasurably stronger than those pleaded in their celebrated declaration" (Palmer 1860, p. 14). The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces in order to uphold the institution of. Was the Conspiracy That Gripped New York in 1741 Real? window.__mirage2 = {petok:"fnEDtBydh4cCYOf_hqpynad7Vzo8opegdVfoKL6amBI-86400-0"}; Southern apologists argued that the institution of slavery was a "positive good" because it subsidized an elegant lifestyle for a white elite and provided tutelage for genetically inferior Africans. mandated by the United States Constitution. this video from Heimlers History channel to learn more about some of the main pro-slavery arguments, https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/12-3-wealth-and-culture-in-the-south, https://cnx.org/contents/NgBFhmUc@14.3:iQkwpaR_@8/6-25-%E2%9C%92%EF%B8%8F-John-C-Calhoun-Slavery-as-a-Positive-Good-1837#fs-idm205300544. Unable to find cheap labor from other sources, white settlers increasingly turned to slaves imported from Africa. The Metaphysical Confederacy: James Henley Thorn well and the Synthesis of Southern Values. According to this formulation, no single human family origin existed, and Black people made up a race wholly separate from the White race. I'm passionate about helping people achieve their dreams, and I believe that education is the key to unlocking everyone's potential. . National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Five years later the war ended and the ratification of the 13th Amendment formally ended slavery in December 1865. what did the Virginia legislature do about slavery in 1831 and 1832? Not confined to a single church, early antislavery sentiment was common among Mennonites, Quakers, Presbyterians, Baptists, Amish, and other practitioners of Protestant denominations. To many Southern ministers, slavery conferred upon slaveholders a sense of responsibility for the souls of their slaves. A large portion of the Northern States believed slavery to be a sin, and would consider it as an obligation of conscience to abolish it if they should feel themselves in any degree responsible for its continuance. They argued that slaves lived in better conditions than factory workers. White southerners reacted strongly to abolitionists attacks on slavery. 72, No. when was the last official count of slaves? was the plantation system financially stable? I hold that in the present state of civilization, where two races of different origin, and distinguished by color, and other physical differences, as well as intellectual, are brought together, the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two, is, instead of an evil, a gooda positive good. Sig= gave blacks a sense of purpose and greater self esteem. The Southern clergy who accommodated slavery did so for two main reasons. White southerners responded by putting forth arguments in defense of slavery, their way of life, and their honor. Southern Presbyterian Leaders. In the case of the Episcopalians, several Southern dioceses seceded to form the Episcopal Church, C.S.A. Southerners provided enslaved persons with care from birth to death, he asserted; this offered a stark contrast to the wage slavery of the North, where workers were at the mercy of economic forces beyond their control. And the states never delegated to the federal government any power to suppress secession. Sermon delivered in the First Presbyterian Church, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 29, 1860. In the South, however, clergy were confronted with trying to defend slavery. Although the support of the clergy did nothing to alter the outcome of the war, it did provide Southerners with a sense of having done the right thing. The right which the master has is a right not to the man, but to his labor (White 1911, p. 298). For these ministers, slavery not only had divine sanction, it was a necessary part of Christianity. What Are 5 Warning Signs That A Tornado May Occur? did non-slaveowning southern whites support slavery? New York: Neale Publishing Company, 1911. Such preachers as Charles Colcock Jones (18041863) of Liberty County, Georgia, traveled from plantation house to plantation house to preach to the slave populations there. A common explanation is that the Civil War was fought over the moral issue of slavery. The condition of society in the South exempts us from the disorders and dangers resulting from this conflict; and which explains why it is that the political condition of the slaveholding States has been so much more stable and quiet than that of the North. Why did many yeoman farmers feel resentment toward rich planters, yet still support the institution of slavery? . 1830s President of Mexico. . All Rights Reserved. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. The practice took hold in the English colonies in North America, too. The institution of slavery became even more entrenched in the South because of the increasing importance of, The prosperity of the southern yeoman was limited by the lack of, large numbers of surplus slaves were sold from the upper South to the lower South. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Many Southerners compared their cause to that of the American Revolution of nearly a century earlier, and religious leaders eagerly helped popularize that notion. It also showed enslavers willingness to unite against the federal government when they believed it acted unjustly against their interests. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); As abolitionism gathered strength, white Southerners repositioned themselves from an acceptance of slavery as a necessary evil to defending it as a positive good. This entry includes 2 subentries: what did the federal government do in 1835 about abolitionist material? an organization founded in 1817 to move blacks to Africa, it was a nation founded in 1822 on the West African coast as a haven for former slaves; 15,000 blacks moved there over 40 years. they founded the American Antislavery Society, along with Wendell Phililps, he ran an abolitionist newspaper in (free) Illinois but was murdered in 1837 after a Missouri pro-slavery group broke into his house and destroyed his equipment, southern abolitionists who grew up on a plantation but thought the idea was wrong; their speeches were successful because of the experience, he was influenced by Charles Grandison Finney and appealed to rural farmers; with help from Arthur and Lewis Tappan, he went to the Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati in 1832; he was expelled for organizing a debate on slavery in 1834 but proceeded to preach antislavery with other Lane Rebels; in 1839, he compiled the propaganda pamphlet American Slavery as It Is, headmaster of the Lane Theological Seminary in the early 1830s, he published the antislavery newspaper The Liberator in Boston beginning in 1831 and proposed ideas as to how to end slavery immediately; on July 4, 1854, he burned a copy of the Constitution. Founder of Texas. What does this image reveal about the methods of those who advocated polygenism? Recent post: Who Is The Catholic Bishop Of South Dakota? But let me not be understood as admitting, even by implication, that the existing relations between the two races in the slaveholding States is an evil:far otherwise; I hold it to be a good, as it has thus far proved itself to be to both, and will continue to prove so if not disturbed by the fell spirit of abolition. How Antebellum Christians Justified Slavery. Sig= was a weak justification for slavery and racism in the south. Won an exemption from the Mexican law prohibiting slavery. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which identifies an advantage to slaves living on large plantations with stable slave populations?, Which practice provides the best evidence against the idea of benevolent planters who looked after the best welfare of their slaves?, Nonslaveholders in the South followed the leadership of slave owners because they and more.

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