stonewall riots documents

The first documented U.S. gay rights organization, The Society for Human Rights (SHR), was founded in 1924 by Henry Gerber, a German immigrant. happily back in New York City, and I still pray for those who are brave enough to continue the quest for Equality. Thank you, New York Times for bringing this ongoing struggle by so many William Eskridge, Professor of Law:Gay people who were sentenced to medical institutions because they were found to be sexual psychopaths, were subjected sometimes to sterilization, occasionally to castration, sometimes to medical procedures, such as lobotomies, which were felt by some doctors to cure homosexuality and other sexual diseases. Fred Sargeant:The tactical patrol force on the second night came in even larger numbers, and were much more brutal. Fred Sargeant:The press did refer to it in very pejorative terms, as a night that the drag queens fought back. I really thought that, you know, we did it. The Stonewall riots (also known as the Stonewall uprising, or simply Stonewall) were a series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the gay community in response to a police raid that began David Huggins Doric Wilson:When I was very young, one of the terms for gay people was twilight people, meaning that we never came out until twilight, 'til it got dark. Joe DeCola Martin Boyce:You could be beaten, you could have your head smashed in a men's room because you were looking the wrong way. They really were objecting to how they were being treated. On this 50th anniversary of Stonewall, the National Archives pays homage to those who risked their lives protesting for their basic human rights. Todays post comes from Rachel Rosenfeld in the National Archives History Office. Most importantly, this anthology shines a light on forgotten figures who were pivotal in the movement, such as Lee Brewster, head of the Queens Liberation Front and Ernestine Eckstine, one of the few out, African American, lesbian activists in the 1960s. Because the owners were still making a profit, they simply adjusted to the raids, and were often tipped off about them ahead of time.The Stonewall was raided on average once a month leading up to the raid on June 28, 1969 (Martin Duberman,Stonewall p. 187), and had been raided once already that same week. On the one-year anniversary of the riots on June 28, 1970, thousands of people marched in the streets of Manhattan from the Stonewall Inn to Central Park in what was then called Christopher Street Liberation Day, Americas first gay pride parade. WebView Valiyah Johnson - Stonewall Riot Questions.pdf from ACCT 40 at Georgia Virtual School. In June 28, 1969, in Greenwich Village, The New York City Police Department fueled by bigoted liquor licensing practices and an omnipresent backdrop of homophobia I learned, very early, that those horrible words were about me, that I was one of those people. Mayor John Lindsay, like most mayors, wanted to get re-elected. It was a real good sound to know that, you know, you had a lot of people out there pulling for you. However, the New York State Liquor Authority penalized and shut down establishments that served alcohol to known or suspected LGBT individuals, arguing that the mere gathering of homosexuals was disorderly.. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The federal government would fire you, school boards would fire you. Marjorie Duffield I could never let that happen and never did. Replace the bracketed text with your responses. Never, never, never. In 1969 the solicitation of homosexual relations was an illegal act in New York City (and indeed virtually all other urban centres). Raymond Castro:You could hear screaming outside, a lot of noise from the protesters and it was a good sound. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:There were complaints from people who objected to the wrongful behavior of some gays who would have sex on the street. Don't fire until I fire. Early publications show that the LGBTQIA+ community largely did not use the term riot until years after the fact. 12 Test Bank IS2080 - Chapter 9 Test Study Guide Chapter 8 Practice BANA 2082 - Chapter 1.6 Notes Group Draft WRD - Grade: B Geordie, Liam and Theo Gude American Airlines And that, that was a very haunting issue for me. John DiGiacomo One of the WebStonewall (1995), another fictional presentation of the events leading up to the riots After Stonewall (1999), a documentary of the years from Stonewall to century's end Stonewall Uprising (2010), a documentary presentation using archival footage, photographs, documents and witness statements Jerry Hoose:Who was gonna complain about a crackdown against gay people? Gay bars were always on side streets out of the way in neighborhoods that nobody would go into. Martin Boyce:I heard about the trucks, which to me was fascinated me, you know, it had an imagination thing that was like Marseilles, how can it only be a few blocks away? (The original inn closed soon after the riots, and the new bar, which occupies only part of the original space, has no other connection to the original establishment.) According to all of these documents one of the main causes of these riots were sparked whenever they failed to pay off the cops. Despite the later historical significance assigned to the Stonewall rebellion, many of the details associated with the events have have been poorly or incompletely documented, said Mr. Carter, whose book has been cited People talk about being in and out now, there was no out, there was just in. On June 28, 1970, two thousand gay and lesbian activists in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago paraded down the streets of their cities in a new kind of social protest, one marked by celebration, fun, and unashamed declaration of a stigmatized identity. Narrator (Archival):This is one of the county's principal weekend gathering places for homosexuals, both male and female. Tensions between New York City Police and gay residents of Greenwich Village erupted into more protests the next evening and again several nights later. The crime syndicate saw profit in catering to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genovese crime family controlled most Greenwich Village gay bars. The shop had been threatened, we would get hang-up calls, calls where people would curse at us on the phone, we'd had vandalism, windows broken, streams of profanity. You know, all of a sudden, I had brothers and sisters, you know, which I didn't have before. Geoff Kole They were to us. We strive for accuracy and fairness. While the events of Stonewall are often referred to as "riots," Stonewall veterans have explicitly stated that they prefer the term Stonewalluprising orrebellion. When police raided Stonewall Inn on the morning of June 28, it came as a surprisethe bar wasnt tipped off this time. The Stonewall Inn was a sanctuary for drag queens, who were not always welcomed even at other gay bars. Saying I don't want to be this way, this is not the life I want. But it's serious, don't kid yourselves about it. Although there had been other protests by gay groups, the Stonewall incident was perhaps the first time lesbians, gays, and transgender people saw the value in uniting behind a common cause. Older groups such as the Mattachine Society, which was founded in southern California as a discussion group for gay men and had flourished in the 1950s, soon made way for more radical groups such as the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA). Few photographs of the raid and the riots that followed exist. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We didn't have the manpower, and the manpower for the other side was coming like it was a real war. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. One chapter covers bars and policing from 1965 to 1969; two address LGBT For the first time the next person stood up. The documents also cited William Eskridge, Professor of Law: The 1960s were dark ages for lesbians and gay men all over America. The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History . I mean they were making some headway. From theWikimedia Commons. This 1955 educational film warns of homosexuality, calling it "a sickness of the mind.". John O'Brien:It was definitely dark, it was definitely smelly and raunchy and dirty and that's the only places that we had to meet each other, was in the very dirty, despicable places. and this is further reason to believe that.. We were all there. In the trucks or around the trucks. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:I never bought a drink at the Stonewall. And it was those loudest people, the most vulnerable, the most likely to be arrested, were the ones that were doing the real fighting. He said, "Okay, let's go." Based on Fred Sargeant:We knew that they were serving drinks out of vats and buckets of water and believed that there had been some disease that had been passed. America thought we were these homosexual monsters and we were so innocent, and oddly enough, we were so American. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The Stonewall riots came at a central point in history. Susan Liberti "You could have got us in a lot of trouble, you could have got us closed up." Suzanne Poli WebThe Stonewall Inn is a gay bar in New York City. Internet History Sourcebooks Project Documents from the 1969 Furor Immediately following the Stonewall riots of June 27th 1969, a series of demonstrations Because he was homosexual. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:It was always hands up, what do you want? We didn't want to come on, you know, wearing fuzzy sweaters and lipstick, you know, and being freaks. We didn't necessarily know where we were going yet, you know, what organizations we were going to be or how things would go, but we became something I, as a person, could all of a sudden grab onto, that I couldn't grab onto when I'd go to a subway T-room as a kid, or a 42nd street movie theater, you know, or being picked up by some dirty old man. Andy Frielingsdorf, Reenactment Actors I guess they're deviates. Mary Queen of the Scotch, Congo Woman, Captain Faggot, Miss Twiggy. Identify the topic you chose to explore: Tulsa Massacre The stomping occurred around 3 a.m. on June 28, 1969, at the start of what would later be known as the Stonewall uprising, Because that's what they were looking for, any excuse to try to bust the place. These 1969 riots are largely credited with sparking the contemporary LGBTQ+ rights movement. June 28, 1969 marks the beginning of the Stonewall Uprising, a series of events between police and LGBTQ+ protesters which stretched over six days. Stonewall riots | Definition, Significance, & Facts | Britannica Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:The moment you stepped out that door there would be hundreds facing you. Published July 1969. This was a highly unusual raid, going in there in the middle of the night with a full crowd, the Mafia hasn't been alerted, the Sixth Precinct hasn't been alerted. We will continue to publish one item each weekday Webindividual project on the stonewall riots pcs 309 dr hale Research Paper: eight-ten pages with the following sections (30 points): Introduction Conflict Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Southern New Hampshire University Harvard University Read a July 6, 1969excerpt fromTheNew York Daily News. You needed a license even to be a beautician and that could be either denied or taken away from you. When Martha Shelley, 25, climbed on top of a water fountain in a park near Stonewall exactly one month after the riot, she feared for her life. David Carter Cover art for The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History and The Stonewall Reader. I mean I'm only 19 and this'll ruin me. Since the Stonewall was without a license, the place was being closed. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:So at that point the police are extremely nervous. 2. Many mainstream and African American periodicals (magazines and newspapers) are available viaProquest Historical Newspapers,Newsbank, andGoogle Books. Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:The Stonewall, they didn't have a liquor license and they were raided by the cops regularly and there were pay-offs to the cops, it was awful. Just making their lives miserable for once. This is one thing that if you don't get caught by us, you'll be caught by yourself. Although I was going through an extremely Yvonne Ritter:It's like people who are, you know, black people who are used to being mistreated, and going to the back of the bus and I guess this was sort of our going to the back of the bus. I was a man. Not able to do anything. Her car, parked across the street from the Stonewall Inn, at 53 Christopher Street in Greenwich Village, had been stomped Documents and Transcripts Listed by Time of Occurrence, from Earliest to Latest Document 1. Doric Wilson:That's what happened Stonewall night to a lot of people. Like most gay bars in New York, it was owned by the Mafia, an organized crime group. I have to wonder about the veracity of the name Vince DePaul doesnt it sound like a comical twist on the famous Society of St. Vincent de Paul of thrift-shop fame? And when you got a word, the word was homosexuality and you looked it up. While Stonewall became well known due to the media coverage and the subsequent annual Pride traditions, it was a culmination of years of LGBTQ+ activism. This is every year in New York City. And as awful as people might think that sounds, it's the way history has always worked. The lights came on, it's like stop dancing. People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." And it's interesting to note how many youngsters we've been seeing in these films. Producers Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution The Stonewall Riots, also called the Stonewall Uprising, began in the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in Greenwich Village in New York City. First you gotta get past the door. Dick Leitsch:There were Black Panthers and there were anti-war people. Maybe the guys name was real (parents do name their kids after saints) but maybe it was just given at the time of arrest. In 1966, they purchased Stonewall Inn (a straight bar and restaurant), cheaply renovated it, and reopened it the next year as a gay bar. Doric Wilson:In those days, the idea of walking in daylight, with a sign saying, "I'm a faggot," was horren--, nobody, nobody was ready to do that. Then during lunch, Ralph showed him some pornographic pictures. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:Saturday night there it was. Sourcing: Who was Jerry Lisker? The riots outside the Stonewall Inn waxed and waned for the next five days. (Close reading) According to this document, which groups of people had strong attachments to the Stonewall Inn? The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The police would zero in on us because sometimes they would be in plain clothes, and sometimes they would even entrap. Mr. Katz highlighted several ways in which the documents cast new light on the Stonewall uprising: In an interview, Mr. Carter said of the documents, Theres potential there for learning a lot more.. Naturally, you get careless, you fall for it, and the next thing you know, you have silver bracelets on both arms. Martha Babcock And the Stonewall was part of that system. We ought to know, we've arrested all of them. They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. When police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in the Greenwich Village section of New York City on June 28, 1969, the street erupted into violent protests that lasted for the next six days. Fred Sargeant:When it was clear that things were definitely over for the evening, we decided we needed to do something more. Hunted, hunted, sometimes we were hunted. You can also receive it via email. Research assistance provided by Mario Burrus, Adam Joseph Nichols, and Cole Souder. Use the following subject browses to find materials on the Stonewall Uprising in the Library of Congress Online Catalog: The first Pride march in New York City was held on June 28, 1970 on the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising. Getting then in the car, rocking them back and forth. The most infamous of those institutions was Atascadero, in California. Danny Garvin:It was the perfect time to be in the Village. On June 28 at approximately 1:15 a.m., undercover NYPD officers Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. And it's that hairpin trigger thing that makes the riot happen. most fun and fascinating nights of my life. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:TheNew York TimesI guess printed a story, but it wasn't a major story. Well, it was a nightmare for the lesbian or gay man who was arrested and caught up in this juggernaut, but it was also a nightmare for the lesbians or gay men who lived in the closet. The scenes were photographed with telescopic lenses. Metropolitan Diary continues to publish! x , 341 pp. Greg Shea, Legal The only faces you will see are those of the arresting officers. Danny Garvin Martin Boyce:It was another great step forward in the story of human rights, that's what it was. Drag queens and In fact, the NYPD had stormed Stonewall Inn just a few days before the riot-inducing raid. Often, those who had survived police raids were hospitalized or had to seek medical care for their injuries. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:We would scatter, ka-poom, every which way. Based on hundreds of interviews, an exhaustive search of public and previously sealed files and over a decade of intensive research, Stonewall tells the definitive story of this singular event in history. Mike Wallace (Archival):Dr. Charles Socarides is a New York psychoanalyst at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine. Some are only available in physical libraries and archives, but many have been digitized. In 2016, then-President Barack Obama designated the site of the riotsStonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surrounding streets and sidewalksa national monument in recognition of the areas contribution to gay rights. Scott Kardel, Project Administration Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was a bottle club which meant that I guess you went to the door and you bought a membership or something for a buck and then you went in and then you could buy drinks. The concept behind the initial Pride march was formally proposed by lesbian activist Ellen Broidy (NYU Student Homophile League), who had written the proposaltogether with Craig Rodwell (Homophile Youth Movement). John O'Brien:They had increased their raids in the trucks. Is that conceivable? Producers Library Fred Sargeant:The effect of the Stonewall riot was to change the direction of the gay movement. Judy Laster COMM 2081 - Chapter 8; Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:There were all these articles in likeLife Magazineabout how the Village was liberal and people that were called homosexuals went there. Slate:The Homosexual(1967), CBS Reports. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. The cops were barricaded inside. Leaflets in the 60s were like the internet, today. Jerry Hoose:The open gay people that hung out on the streets were basically the have-nothing-to-lose types, which I was. Combining exhaustively researched narrative with meticulously curated photographs, the book traces queer activism from its roots in late-nineteenth-century Europe--long before the pivotal Stonewall Riots of 1969--to the gender warriors leading the charge today. Greenwich Village's Stonewall Inn has undergone several transformations in the decades since it was the focal point of a three-day riot in 1969. In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police; in the peace movement, we ran from the police. had beenorganizing an annual July 4th demonstration (1965-1969) known as the "Reminder Day Pickets," at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. Since 1976, Metropolitan Diary has been a place for New Yorkers, past and present, to share odd fleeting moments in the city. Vanessa Ezersky Atascadero was known in gay circles as the Dachau for queers, and appropriately so. The Laramie Project Cast at The Calhoun School But I was just curious, I didn't want to participate because number one it was so packed. Raymond Castro:So finally when they started taking me out, arm in arm up to the paddy wagon, I jumped up and I put one foot on one side, one foot on the other and I sprung back, knocking the two arresting officers, knocking them to the ground. However, in the 51 years since, not everyone has benefited equally. Narrator (Archival):This is a nation of laws. Chapter 2: Activist Agendas and Visions before Stonewall, Chapter 3: Political Protests before Stonewall, Chapter 6: Activist Agendas after Stonewall, Chapter 7: Political Protests after Stonewall, About the Author:Short CV/Long CV/Biography, Documenting the Stonewall Riots: A Bibliography of Primary Sources, View the files for Part I, II, III and Resources, San Francisco State And they wore dark police uniforms and riot helmets and they had billy clubs and they had big plastic shields, like Roman army, and they actually formed a phalanx, and just marched down Christopher Street and kind of pushed us in front of them. Narrator (Archival):Do you want your son enticed into the world of homosexuals, or your daughter lured into lesbianism? It was an age of experimentation. I would wait until there was nobody left to be the girl and then I would be the girl. Even non-gay people. The Web site OutHistory.org has obtained police records from the start of the Stonewall Dick Leitsch:And so the cops came with these buses, like five buses, and they all were full of tactical police force. Jerry Hoose:I was chased down the street with billy clubs. It meant nothing to us. New York Today is still going strong! The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. Tom Caruso And in a sense the Stonewall riots said, "Get off our backs, deliver on the promise." Corbis WebHIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Historical Narratives Xavier Bethea Locate an additional secondary source relevant to your historical event. Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. I'm losing everything that I have. It's very American to say, "You promised equality, you promised freedom."

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